Washington's Scablands Have a Cousin in Iceland

A massive canyon that is home to Europe's most powerful waterfall was created in a matter of days by extreme flooding, new research reveals.

The Jökulsárgljúfur canyon in Iceland, which is 28 km long and 100 metres deep in places, was formed by a series of distinct floods that occurred thousands of years apart, a study shows.

Scientists analysed rocks along a 5km stretch of the canyon - which contains the Jökulsá á Fjöllum river and the mighty Dettifoss waterfall - to create a timeline of how the landscape was created.

They used geochemical analysis to determine how long rocks on the canyon walls had been exposed to the elements. This helped the team pinpoint how the position and shape of the landscape had changed over time.

Researchers connected major shifts in the landscape to a series of extreme floods, which took place 9,000, 5,000 and 2,000 years ago. The floods were caused by volcanic activity under glaciers, and each was powerful enough to tear up bedrock. They formed the canyon's 100-metre walls and pushed three waterfalls, including Dettifoss, back upstream by as much as 2km during each flood.

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